THE RISK FACTORS OF FRAILTY SYNDROME AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN INDONESIAN COMMUNITY SETTINGS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that negatively impacts the quality of life in older adults. Preventing frailty requires early detection and active intervention on the risk factors affecting the elderly. However, literature reviews on frailty risk factors among older adults in Indonesia, particularly in community settings, remain limited. Objective: This study aims to examine the risk factors of frailty syndrome among older adults in Indonesian community settings. Methods: This research is a literature review conducted in June 2025 using five databases: Garuda, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The main keywords used were frailty, risk factor, and Indonesia. The article screening process followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 2,724 older adult participants aged 60 years and above. The review identified five main categories of risk factors associated with frailty among older adults in Indonesian communities: demographic, clinical, functional, psychosocial and cognitive, and environmental factors. Conclusion: Frailty risk factors in older adults in Indonesian communities are interconnected, necessitating preventive measures and holistic interventions. A multisectoral approach is essential to optimally support the quality of life of the elderly.

Keyword: Community; Elderly; Frailty; Risk Factors